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Alcohol & Brain Volume in Older Adults: Cortical Thinning & White Matter Loss in Heavy Drinkers (250g/Week) (2023 Study)

Alcohol’s effects on the brain, especially among the elderly, have long been a subject of scientific inquiry. A recent study from Gothenburg, Sweden, provides new insights into how varying levels of alcohol consumption impact brain structure in individuals aged 70 and over. This research sheds light on the relationship between alcohol intake and the aging …

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BDNF Gene Transfection & Pramiprexole Combo Effectively Treat Parkinson’s Disease in Rat Models (2024 Study)

Parkinson’s disease (PD), a degenerative disorder that predominantly affects the motor system, has long been a challenging condition to manage due to its complex pathology and the limited efficacy of available treatments. However, recent research presents a beacon of hope through a novel combined therapy targeting the core of Parkinson’s disease’s neuronal degradation. This innovative …

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Oxycodone vs. Other Opioids: Distinct Epigenetic Effects & Molecular Adaptations (2023 Review)

The opioid crisis, particularly in North America, has spotlighted oxycodone as a central figure due to its significant role in addiction and overdose deaths. A recent review analyzed the genomic and epigenetic mechanisms behind oxycodone’s effects compared to other opioids, shedding light on its unique impact on addiction pathways. Highlights: Oxycodone, a semi-synthetic opioid derived …

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Non-Medical Fentanyl Use: Drug Addiction Insights (2024 Review)

Fentanyl, a synthetic opioid exponentially stronger than morphine, has transitioned from an unwanted contaminant in the illicit drug market to a sought-after substance among people who use drugs (PWUD). This shift underscores a critical change in drug use patterns, motivations, and the associated demographic and socioeconomic factors contributing to its rising preference. Highlights: Fentanyl’s Potency: …

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Tramadol for Depression: Highly Effective as Off-Label Antidepressant (According to User Reviews)

Tramadol, commonly known for its pain-relieving properties, has emerged as an effective off-label treatment for depression according to patient experiences and reviews. A recent analysis of tramadol’s antidepressant potential examined user feedback – comparing its efficacy and safety with established antidepressants. It considered the perspectives of patients who have found relief from depression with tramadol, …

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Are Mystical Experiences Required for the Antidepressant Effects of Ketamine & Psychedelics?

The intersection of mental health treatment and pharmacology is witnessing a remarkable shift with the growing interest in ketamine and classic psychedelics like psilocybin for their rapid and sustained antidepressant effects. Unlike traditional antidepressants, these substances offer hope for those with treatment-resistant depression by potentially transforming treatment paradigms. However, it remains somewhat unclear as to …

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Tianeptine Trends in the U.S.: Antidepressant, Nootropic, Street Drug (“Gas Station Heroin” & ZaZa)

Tianeptine is an atypical antidepressant that has been approved in several countries for treating depression but is not authorized for medical use in the United States. Despite this, it has found a significant market in the U.S. as a nootropic, often sold under names like ZaZa or Tianna Red, and has been nicknamed “gas station …

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