Pantoprazole and Omeprazole are medications classified as proton-pump inhibitors (PPIs) and are commonly prescribed for the management of medical conditions in which stomach acid reduction is of therapeutic benefit. Chemists at Byk Gulden, a subsidiary of Altana (a German chemical company), are credited with the synthesis of pantoprazole in 1985 – whereas Swedish chemists at …
Lexapro (escitalopram) and Prozac (fluoxetine) are two medications within the selective-serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRI) classification that are commonly administered for the treatment of neuropsychiatric disorders. The development of Lexapro (escitalopram) was initiated in 1997 by Lundbeck and Forest Laboratories – whereas the development of Prozac (fluoxetine) was initiated in the 1970s by chemists (Bryan Molloy …
Lyrica (pregabalin) and Neurontin (gabapentin) are both classified as “gabapentinoids” (i.e. α2δ ligands). As gabapentinoids, Lyrica (pregabalin) and Neurontin (gabapentin) are chemical analogues of the inhibitory neurotransmitter GABA (gamma-aminobutyric acid) that interact with α2δ subunit-containing voltage-dependent calcium channels. Development of gabapentin (Neurontin) was initiated in the 1970s by chemists at the pharmaceutical company Parke-Davis – …
Celexa (citalopram) and Lexapro (escitalopram) are chemically-analogous medications within the selective-serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) classification that are regularly prescribed for the management of neuropsychiatric disorders. Chemically, Celexa contains enantiomers S-citalopram and R-citalopram – whereas Lexapro solely contains S-citalopram (hence its chemical name “es-citalopram”). The chemical “citalopram” (Celexa) was originally synthesized in 1972 by scientists at …
Lexapro (escitalopram) and Zoloft (sertraline) are medications of the selective-serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) classification utilized most commonly for the management of major depressive disorder (MDD). Lexapro was co-developed by the pharmaceutical companies Lundbeck and Forest Laboratories (starting in 1997) and received U.S. FDA approval for medical use in 2002. Zoloft was developed by the pharmaceutical …
Doxycycline is a broad-spectrum tetracycline antibiotic that kills bacteria and protozoa by inhibiting protein synthesis (aminoacyl-tRNA to the mRNA-ribosome complex). The drug was patented in 1957, introduced as a pharmaceutical in 1967, and has received medical approval as a treatment for conditions such as: acne, bacterial pneumonia, chlamydia, cholera, Lyme disease, Rocky Mountain spotted fever, …
Hydroxyzine, also referred to under its brand names “Vistaril” (hydroxyzine pamoate) and “Atarax” (hydroxyzine hydrochloride), is a first-generation diphenylmethylpiperazine antihistamine. Alprazolam, most commonly referred to under its brand name “Xanax,” is a benzodiazepine, or more specifically, a triazolobenzodiazepine anxiolytic. In the United States, Vistaril is medically approved as an adjunctive treatment for: psychoneurosis-related anxiety and …