A 2026 methylome-wide association study by Shen et al. found 48 CpG methylation sites tied to the quadratic CYP2C19 metabolizer-status term in 18,396 Generation Scotland participants, with 19 sites showing non-linear patterns and targeted replication in 1,238 older adults.1 That supports CYP2C19 as real biology beneath SSRI pharmacogenomics, but it does not prove universal antidepressant …
A 2026 systematic review of subcallosal cingulate (SCC) functional connectivity found 28 qualifying resting-state fMRI studies in depression: 21 rTMS/iTBS studies, 4 ECT studies, 3 focused-ultrasound studies, and 0 DBS or tDCS studies.1 That number is the useful correction: SCC DBS may still be biologically plausible, but the current fMRI connectivity literature mostly explains noninvasive …
A 2026 two-cohort connectome study found that post-stroke depressive symptoms tracked damage to networks weighted by the serotonin transporter and vesicular acetylcholine transporter: 5-HTT damage predicted depression in Leipzig (OR 2.4, 95% CI 1.15–5.02) and Oxford (OR 2.05, 95% CI 1.03–4.09), while VAChT damage also replicated across both cohorts.1 The dopamine part of the original …
A 2026 retrospective case series of 22 adults with treatment-resistant depression and comorbid PTSD found that trauma re-experiencing during intranasal esketamine disappeared over later sessions in 72.7% of patients, while 27.3% stopped esketamine because the flashbacks persisted.1 Research Highlights Flashbacks usually faded, but not always: In 16 of 22 patients (72.7%), esketamine-related trauma re-experiencing disappeared …
Parenteral clomipramine has a strong clinical myth around it: bypass the gut, raise parent-drug exposure quickly, and maybe accelerate rescue in severe depression or OCD. A 2026 systematic review found the route advantage was not clearly proven: in depression, 5 RCTs without high risk of bias did not show clear IV or IM superiority over …
A 2026 fMRI meta-analysis of 11 studies found a narrow anxious-depression signal: 829 anxious-depression patients differed from 681 non-anxious MDD patients in left middle temporal gyrus activation (SDM-Z = 2.046, p = 0.020), while healthy-control contrasts centered on the anterior commissure and right middle frontal gyrus. The calibrated interpretation is not “amygdala and insula hyperactivity …
A 2026 meta-analysis of 56 controlled trials found the clearest gamma-frequency neuromodulation signal in schizophrenia: overall symptoms improved vs. control (g = −0.46), global cognition improved (g = 0.55), and MDD showed a smaller depression effect than the schizophrenia symptom estimate (g = −0.34). Bipolar disorder and autism stayed directional but nonsignificant, and the paper’s …