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Autism vs. ADHD Connectome Study: Frontal-DMN Signal Tracks Autism Severity

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MHD featured image for autism, ADHD, and connectome-based symptom mapping.

A 166-child resting-state fMRI study found that clinician-observed autism severity, not ADHD severity, tracked connectivity strength between a left middle frontal gyrus node and the posterior cingulate/default mode network across children diagnosed with autism or ADHD without autism. The result is transdiagnostic, but asymmetrical: autism traits carried the connectome signal after ADHD ratings were controlled.1 …

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Levetiracetam Range in Children: 2.82-24.37 mcg/mL TDM

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MHD featured image for levetiracetam therapeutic drug monitoring in children with epilepsy.

A 2026 real-world study involving 1,174 children with epilepsy proposed a levetiracetam therapeutic drug monitoring range of 2.82-24.37 mcg/mL, much lower than commonly cited adult-style ranges, but the same data also warned against treating a drug level as a stand-alone seizure-control predictor. Research Highlights Lower pediatric range: Sun et al. proposed an observational levetiracetam range …

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Copy Number Variants Did Not Moderate ADHD or Autism Outcomes in ALSPAC

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Photoreal illustration of DNA strands and developmental timeline overlaid on a schematic young adult, conveying genetic moderation of childhood neurodevelopmental outcomes.

A 2026 ALSPAC analysis tested a narrow claim behind routine genetic screening for childhood attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and autism spectrum disorder (ASD): whether rare copy number variants (CNVs; deleted or duplicated DNA segments) make young-adult outcomes worse than ADHD/ASD status alone would predict. In 8,414 people with usable CNV data, ADHD and ASD predicted worse …

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1 mg Guanfacine for Self-Harm Thoughts in ADHD-PTSD-BPD Case

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MHD featured image for 1 mg guanfacine and self-harm thoughts in complex ADHD, PTSD, BPD, and ASD comorbidity.

A 2026 case report linked 1 mg nightly guanfacine modified-release to first-ever cessation of intrusive deliberate self-harm thoughts in a 16-year-old with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), autism spectrum disorder (ASD) traits, borderline personality disorder (BPD) traits, and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). The same case became more interesting after the patient stopped taking guanfacine and the self-harm …

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Methylphenidate Reduced Dishonesty and Cheating in 151 Adults; Atomoxetine Had No Effect

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Editorial card showing methylphenidate molecular structure beside a die-rolling task, illustrating a counterintuitive randomized-trial result.

A 2026 double-blind randomized controlled trial by Kappes et al. in Psychopharmacology found something the smart-drug users likely wouldn’t have predicted: a single 30 mg dose of methylphenidate reduced dishonest misreporting on a die-rolling task from ~22% of trials in the placebo arm to ~6% (in the methylphenidate arm).1 Atomoxetine, a noradrenergic comparator, had no …

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Intellectual Disability in Korean Children and Psychiatric Disorders (ADHD 42%, Depression 19%)

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Photoreal illustration of a child interacting with cognitive and developmental motifs, representing intellectual disability and psychiatric comorbidity.

Children with intellectual disability are 3–4x more likely to have a comorbid psychiatric disorder than peers without ID. A 2026 nationwide Korean study by Joo and colleagues tracks how those rates changed across a decade.1 Research Highlights Korean children and adolescents (ages 2–18) with intellectual disability had ADHD comorbidity rise from 30.2% in 2012 to …

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