Modafinil (brand name “Provigil”) is a blockbuster eugeroic drug synthesized by Cephalon Pharmaceuticals (now Teva) and approved in 1998 for the treatment of excessive daytime sleepiness (EDS) associated with narcolepsy. It was since approved for the treatment of excessive daytime sleepiness associated with obstructive sleep apnea, as well as to normalize circadian rhythms in diagnoses …
Curcumin is considered a diarylheptanoid, or secondary metabolite derived from the plant turmeric (a member of the ginger family). As a diarylheptanoid, curcumin is chemically composed of two aryl groups (aromatic rings) interlinked with a chain of 7 carbon atoms. It was initially discovered by scientists Vogel and Pelletier in 1842 when they extracted and …
TMS (Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation) is a technique utilized to stimulate specific regions of the brain via electromagnetic induction. The regions that receive stimulation typically depend on an individual’s reason for using TMS. For example, individuals using TMS for the treatment of depression may administer electrical pulses to the left prefrontal cortex, while individuals using TMS …
Fluoride is considered a colorless inorganic anion of the chemical fluorine and is commonly used as an additive in drinking water to improve dental health. Adding fluoride to tap water is a proven method for decreasing rates of tooth decay and cavities. The United States Center for Disease Control markets fluoridation of tap water as being …
TMS (Transcranial magnetic stimulation) is considered a non-invasive neurostimulation procedure aimed at normalizing brain activity among those with abnormal neurological function. Individuals diagnosed with psychiatric conditions (e.g. depression) may turn to TMS for relief if standard first-line pharmacological options fail to ameliorate symptoms. A TMS device works by using pulsed magnetic fields to generate low-grade electrical currents. …
According to the World Health Organization (WHO), depression is projected to become the number one global disease burden by 2030. Present-day statistics suggest that depression affects over 350 million people worldwide. Among those who are depressed, seeking professional psychiatric treatment is often helpful. An estimated 66% of all individuals who seek treatment are able to …
We all know that getting enough sleep promotes healthy brain function and optimal cognitive performance. Most sources recommend getting approximately 8 hours of sleep per night, but the amount of sleep it takes for you to feel refreshed should be individualized. Someone who is training for a marathon will generally need more sleep (over 8 …