Fetzima (Levomilnacipran), is a serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor (SNRI) that was approved by the United States FDA in 2013 for the treatment of major depressive disorder. It was engineered to be a spinoff (or some might suggest an upgraded or slightly modified version) of the drug Savella (Milnacipran). Comparatively, Fetzima solely contains the levorotatory enantiomer of …
Bunavail is a bucally-formatted medication comprised of buprenorphine and naloxone that was approved by the FDA in 2017 for the treatment of opioid dependence. The buprenorphine component of Bunavail functions as a partial mu-opioid receptor agonist whereby it stimulates mu-opioid receptors in the brain to prevent opioid cravings and/or attenuate harsh withdrawal symptoms upon cessation …
Kratom (Mitragyna speciosa) is an evergreen tree from the Rubiaceae (coffee) family that produces leaves containing numerous psychoactive compounds, most notably including indole alkaloids: 7-hydroxymitragynine, mitraphylline, and mitragynine. When ingested by humans, the aforestated indole alkaloids significantly modulate CNS activity primarily via partial agonism of mu-opioid receptors (MORs). In addition, evidence from pharmacodynamic investigations suggests …
Nortriptyline (Pamelor) is a tricyclic antidepressant that is commonly used as a second-line treatment for major depression. It is also sometimes prescribed for conditions such as chronic fatigue syndrome, bedwetting in children, migraine headaches, and neuropathic pain. The drug may also be effective for some individuals in managing symptoms of attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). This …
Lyrica (Pregabalin) is an anticonvulsant drug utilized primarily to treat neuropathic pain. It is also used as an adjunctive treatment option for adults with partial seizures. In countries outside of the United States, it was approved in 2007 to treat generalized anxiety disorder. Doctors also have found that it works well to treat chronic pain …
Vicodin is a drug that was developed to include a combination of hydrocodone and paracetamol (acetaminophen). It is utilized primarily to provide pain relief for those with moderate to severe pain. It is considered a “Schedule II” controlled substance in the United States, meaning that it has a high potential for abuse and both psychological …
Oxycodone is considered a semi-synthetic opioid drug that is typically prescribed for relief of moderate or severe pain. It was originally created in 1916 as a drug with newer semi-synthetic properties to help improve upon existing opioid treatment options. The drug has been clinically used to treat both acute and chronic pain since 1917, but …