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Image Memorability, Not Recognition Success, Drove N400 Encoding Signals

MHD featured image for image memorability and N400 EEG signals.

A 2026 EEG study found that image memorability predicted recognition strongly, z = 9.17, p < 0.001, and the N400 encoding signal tracked memorability after later recognition success was included in the same model.1 The result weakens the common shortcut that every hit-vs-miss brain signal is purely an encoding-success signal. Research Highlights Memorability predicted recognition: …

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Social Anxiety: Prefrontal Connectivity Differs but Amygdala-PFC Doesn’t

Stylized fMRI connectivity map showing prefrontal and amygdala circuits during emotion regulation in social anxiety disorder.

The textbook story of social anxiety disorder is broken amygdala-prefrontal regulation — an overactive threat system the prefrontal cortex can’t calm down. A 2026 effective-connectivity study of 102 adults found something different: amygdala-prefrontal connectivity didn’t differ between social anxiety patients and controls, but connectivity between prefrontal regions did, particularly involving the pre-supplementary motor area.1 Research …

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Ultrasound-Guided Acupotomy Reduced Chronic Spinal Pain in 32 RCTs

MHD featured image for ultrasound-guided acupotomy chronic spinal pain meta-analysis.

A 2026 meta-analysis of 32 randomized trials involving 2,669 participants found that ultrasound-guided acupotomy reduced chronic spinal musculoskeletal pain, with pain intensity improving by SMD = −0.80 and disability by SMD = −0.99 on NDI/ODI measures.1 The direction is favorable, but all trials came from China and evidence certainty stayed moderate for pain and low …

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Substance Use Disorder Brain Connectivity in 53 Studies

MHD featured image for substance use disorder, resting-state fMRI, reward circuitry, and brain connectivity meta-analysis.

A 53-study resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) meta-analysis found substance use disorder (SUD) linked to altered connectivity across prefrontal, striatal, thalamic, cingulate, and amygdala circuits. The most clinically relevant finding was an impulsivity correlation, not a diagnostic brain signature. Research Highlights Meta-analysis scale was meaningful: Zhang et al. pooled 53 whole-brain resting-state functional magnetic …

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Teen Trauma Depression: fMRI Predicted Response at 82%

A 2026 adolescent depression study used resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging to test whether childhood trauma leaves a measurable network signature in the depressed teen brain. The researchers found disrupted default-mode network hubs in teenagers with major depressive disorder and childhood trauma, and baseline functional-connectome patterns predicted treatment response with 82% accuracy.1 Research Highlights Large …

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