Fetzima (Levomilnacipran), is a serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor (SNRI) that was approved by the United States FDA in 2013 for the treatment of major depressive disorder. It was engineered to be a spinoff (or some might suggest an upgraded or slightly modified version) of the drug Savella (Milnacipran). Comparatively, Fetzima solely contains the levorotatory enantiomer of …
Kratom (Mitragyna speciosa) is an evergreen tree from the Rubiaceae (coffee) family that produces leaves containing numerous psychoactive compounds, most notably including indole alkaloids: 7-hydroxymitragynine, mitraphylline, and mitragynine. When ingested by humans, the aforestated indole alkaloids significantly modulate CNS activity primarily via partial agonism of mu-opioid receptors (MORs). In addition, evidence from pharmacodynamic investigations suggests …
Methamphetamine, commonly referred to as “Meth,” is a potent psychostimulant of both the amphetamine and phenethylamine classes that is used to treat both ADHD and obesity. This stimulant is also used on a recreational basis in the form of Crystal Meth or “crystallized” form. Many people use it simply to achieve a high, party, and/or …
Caffeine is the most universally consumed stimulant of the central nervous system. It works primarily as an adenosine antagonist. Adenosine itself works as an inhibitory neurotransmitter that helps suppress activity in the central nervous system. Since caffeine is an antagonist for the adenosine receptors, it tends to speed up nervous system activity in a dose-related …