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Anti-CGRP Monoclonal Antibodies to Prevent Chronic Migraine (2023 Review)

Migraine, a primary headache disorder, significantly impacts the quality of life of millions worldwide. In recent years, the focus has shifted toward developing targeted therapies, particularly monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) against the calcitonin-gene-related peptide (CGRP), to prevent chronic migraine attacks. A relatively recent comprehensive network meta-analysis (NMA) evaluated the efficacy and safety of various anti-CGRP mAbs, …

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Does MSG Cause Headaches? Monosodium Glutamate Research Reviewed

Monosodium glutamate (MSG), commonly used as a flavor enhancer, has been controversially linked to headaches for decades. Key Facts: Human studies linking MSG to headaches have inconsistent findings, especially when MSG is consumed with food. Studies in which MSG reportedly causes headaches often have methodological flaws like inadequate blinding due to MSG’s strong taste. MSG …

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Botox For Migraines: Facial Injections To Prevent Headaches?

Botox (onabotulinumtoxinA) is a purified toxin derived from fermentation of the anaerobic bacterium Clostridium botulinum type A.  Most people are familiar with the cosmetic application of Botox whereby it is injected into facial muscles with the intent of reducing wrinkles, enhancing skin smoothness, and improving facial aesthetics. However, in addition to its cosmetic use, Botox …

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Zoloft (Sertraline) & Headaches: Does It Cause or Treat Headaches?

Zoloft (Sertraline), is an SSRI (selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor) prescribed for the treatment of major depressive disorder, OCD (obsessive-compulsive disorder), panic disorder, and social anxiety disorder.  It was approved by the FDA in 1991 and initially marketed by the pharmaceutical company Pfizer.  In 2013, Zoloft became the single most popular antidepressant medication in the United …

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Vyvanse Side Effects & Adverse Reactions (List)

Vyvanse (Lisdexamfetamine) is a prodrug comprised of the amino acid L-lysine coupled with dextroamphetamine, hence its chemical name “lis-dexamfetamine.”  As a prodrug, Vyvanse is inactive until ingested and enzymatically metabolized into l-lysine (an amino acid) and dextroamphetamine (a psychostimulant), the latter of which has been deemed effective for the treatment of ADHD and binge eating …

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Kratom Side Effects & Adverse Reactions (List)

Kratom (Mitragyna speciosa) is an evergreen tree of the coffee (Rubiaceae) family native to countries such as: Indonesia, Malaysia, Myanmar, Papua New Guinea, and Thailand.  It is best known for generating leaves that contain upwards of 40 distinct psychoactive compounds.  Pharmacological research indicates that the psychoactive constituents of kratom – most prominent being [indole alkaloids] …

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