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Personalized TMS for Psychiatric Disorders: Targeting Functional Connectivity (FC) in the Brain (2024 Review)

Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (TMS) has emerged as a beacon of hope in the realm of psychiatry, offering a non-invasive alternative for treating psychiatric disorders. The variability in treatment outcomes highlights the necessity for advancements in personalized approaches. A recent paper analyzed the potential of personalized TMS protocols (customized based on individual brain connectivity) may help …

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Sinemet (Carbidopa-Levodopa) Side Effects & Adverse Reactions (List)

Sinemet is a pharmaceutical drug engineered by Merck that combines Carbidopa (a peripheral enzymatic inhibitor of DOPA decarboxylase) and Levodopa (an agent that crosses the blood-brain barrier to increase central concentrations of dopamine); hence it is frequently referred to as “Carbidopa-Levodopa.”  The drug was initially approved by the U.S. FDA in 1988 for the treatment …

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Requip (Ropinirole) Side Effects & Adverse Reactions (List)

Requip (Ropinirole) is a drug initially approved in 1997 by the United States FDA for the treatment of [early or advanced-stage] idiopathic Parkinson’s disease.  In the management of Parkinson’s disease, Requip can be utilized either as: a standalone agent or as an adjunct to L-DOPA.  After its initial approval for the attenuation of Parkinson’s symptoms, …

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Dangers of Meditation: List Of Possibilities

Most people associate meditation with laser-like focus, expanded internal awareness, emotional stability, and cognitive enhancement.  Plus there is mounting evidence to suggest that many of these claims are valid, just read all of the scientific benefits of meditation.  The new wave of meditation science, coupled with development of meditation apps (e.g. Headspace), and celebrities attributing their success …

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Hypnopompic Hallucinations: Causes, Types, & Treatment

Hypnopompic hallucinations refer to bizarre sensory experiences that occur during the transitory period between a sleeping state and wakefulness.  Imagine sensing that you are slowly transitioning from a sleeping state to being fully awake, when at some point during that transition, you begin seeing vivid geometric shapes, hearing sounds, or even sensing touch. These sensations …

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Sleep Paralysis Demons & Demonic Attacks

Sleep paralysis is a phenomenon that approximately 7% of the world’s population will experience at some point in their lives.  Furthermore, it is thought that among individuals with diagnosable sleep disorders (e.g. narcolepsy), nearly 40% will deal with episodes of sleep paralysis.  Sleep paralysis is characterized by the body and musculature being rendered completely immobile …

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Sleep Paralysis Hallucinations: 3 General Types

Sleep paralysis is a condition characterized by full or semi-conscious waking during sleep, despite an inability to move and/or speak (paralysis).  The conscious awareness is thought to be a result of the brain’s inability to properly transition through sleep stages.  This leads to abnormal activity of brain waves – with heavy alpha waves, bursts of …

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