Topamax (Topiramate) is an anticonvulsant agent discovered in 1979 by Bruce Maryanoff and Joseph Gardocki while working for McNeil Pharmaceutical (a subsidiary of Johnson & Johnson). When compared to other anticonvulsant agents, Topamax is regarded as unique in that it is pharmacologically classified as a sulfamate-substituted monosaccharide derivative, indicating that its chemical structure is similar …
Nortriptyline is a tricyclic antidepressant (TCA) that was initially FDA approved in 1964 (under the brand name “Pamelor”) for the treatment of major depression. It is regarded as chemical successor to Amitriptyline based on the fact that Nortriptyline is Amitriptyline’s predominant psychoactive metabolite. Since Nortriptyline has been on the market since the mid-1960s, researchers are …
Research suggests that tens of millions of Americans suffer from hypothyroidism or underactive thyroid. Two of the most popularly prescribed treatments for hypothyroidism include: Armour Thyroid (porcine-derived desiccated thyroid extract) and Synthroid (levothyroxine). Armour Thyroid is classified “natural” in that it is thyroid hormone extracted from pigs, whereas Synthroid is considered “artificial” in that it …
Curcumin is considered a diarylheptanoid, or secondary metabolite derived from the plant turmeric (a member of the ginger family). As a diarylheptanoid, curcumin is chemically composed of two aryl groups (aromatic rings) interlinked with a chain of 7 carbon atoms. It was initially discovered by scientists Vogel and Pelletier in 1842 when they extracted and …
A ketogenic diet involves consumption of foods with high fat (80%), moderate protein (15%), and low carbohydrates (5%). Consistent intake of high fat, moderate protein foods, with simultaneous avoidance of carbohydrates, allows the body to transition from using glucose (sugar) as a primary source of fuel, to using ketone bodies (commonly called “ketones”). During ketosis, …
Autism is a neurodevelopmental disorder noticeable in childhood characterized by impaired communication skills and difficulty forming relationships or bonds with others. Those with autism may lack empathy, dislike physical contact, and may be especially sensitive to loud noises, bright lights, or certain smells. Currently there is no cure for autism, and many individuals diagnosed with …
People with lifelong anxiety disorders often have genetic polymorphisms that cause abnormal activation of various neural circuitry and changes in neurotransmission, provoking excessive fear. While fear in appropriate situations such as getting attacked by a lion is beneficial in that it helps us survive by giving us superhuman abilities (e.g. endurance, strength, thinking), many people …