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tDCS for the Treatment of Cravings in Drug Addiction (2023 Review)

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Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) emerges as a promising, noninvasive treatment for reducing cravings in substance addiction. This technique involves the use of scalp electrodes to modulate neural activity, influencing cravings associated with drug addiction or substance dependence. Despite its promise, further research is needed to standardize protocols and understand long-term efficacy. Highlights: tDCS significantly …

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Ibogaine For Opiate Addiction & Withdrawal

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Ibogaine is a psychoactive indole alkaloid derived from plants of the Apocynaceae family, including:  Tabernanthe iboga, Voacanga africana and Tabernaemontana undulata.  When ingested by humans, ibogaine induces a psychedelic response with dissociative and opioidergic properties.  The [subjective] experience of ibogaine is often described as biphasic such that the first phase (4 to 6 hours) is …

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Kratom Withdrawal Symptoms

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Kratom (Mitragyna speciosa) is an evergreen tree from the Rubiaceae (coffee) family that produces leaves containing numerous psychoactive compounds, most notably including indole alkaloids: 7-hydroxymitragynine, mitraphylline, and mitragynine.  When ingested by humans, the aforestated indole alkaloids significantly modulate CNS activity primarily via partial agonism of mu-opioid receptors (MORs).  In addition, evidence from pharmacodynamic investigations suggests …

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Abilify and Weight Gain: Causes & Contributing Factors

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Abilify (Aripiprazole) is an atypical antipsychotic drug that is commonly used to treat severe psychiatric conditions like schizophrenia and bipolar disorder. In recent years, it has been heavily marketed as an antidepressant augmentation strategy. Despite the fact that this has been one of the most profitable medications of recent years, some research has suggested that …

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Can Wellbutrin Ever Cause Weight Gain? An Uncommon Reaction.

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Wellbutrin (Bupropion) is considered an atypical antidepressant and smoking cessation aid that was first approved for medical use in 1989. It functions different than most antidepressants in that it inhibits the reuptake of stimulatory neurotransmitters norepinephrine and (to a lesser degree) dopamine. Its action as an NDRI drug generally results in increased energy, focus, and …

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Seroquel and Weight Gain: What Are The Causes?

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Seroquel (Quetiapine) is a popular atypical antipsychotic medication that has been approved by the FDA to treat schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, and as an antidepressant augmentation strategy in cases of refractory depression. Due to the variety of conditions for which this drug is prescribed, it is considered highly profitable and has made AstraZeneca (the developers) billions …

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