Piracetam is a drug that was synthesized in 1964 by Corneliu E. Giurgea et al. at the pharmaceutical company “UCB” headquartered in Belgium. Chemically, it is identified as 2-oxo-1-pyrrolidine acetamide, shares the same base structure with pyroglutamic acid, and as a result of its pyrrolidone nucleus, is classified as a “racetam” compound. Following the synthesis …
Aniracetam is a drug of the “racetam” chemical classification that was initially developed in the 1970s by pharmaceutical company Hoffman-La Roche. Chemically, aniracetam is synthesized via reaction of 2-pyrrolidone with anisoyl chloride in the presence of triethylamine; hence it is sometimes referred to as “N-anisoyl-2-pyrrolidinone.” When administered to humans and animals, aniracetam functions via allosterically …
Oxaloacetate (or Oxaloacetic Acid) is an organic compound that is involved in many neurophysiological processes within your body. It plays a key role in functions such as: amino acid synthesis, citric acid cycle, fatty acid synthesis, gluconeogenesis, glyoxylate cycle, and the urea cycle. For example, oxaloacetate is considered an intermediate in the Kreb’s cycle prior …
L-Theanine is a non-essential amino acid derived from the Camellia sinensis plant species. It was first discovered circa 1950 in which it was noted within the contents of green tea; it serves as a “building block” for proteins and is also present in other types of tea (e.g. black tea). For generations L-theanine has been …
Ginkgo Biloba is considered an extremely popular dietary supplement. In 2005, it was estimated that individuals living in the United States spent nearly $110 million on Ginkgo Biloba; a staggering amount of money. While there are some potential Ginkgo Biloba benefits such as cognitive enhancement, improvements in working memory, and increased blood flow to the …
Ginkgo Biloba is a highly popular tree native to China that is often cultivated for use as both a food source and dietary supplement. Some fossil evidence suggests that Ginkgo has been utilized for over 270 million years. Various temples in China are noted to have very old Ginkgo trees, some of which were planted …
Provigil (Modafinil) is a eugeroic drug that was originally approved in 1998 for the treatment of excessive daytime sleepiness associated with narcolepsy, shift work sleep disorder, and obstructive sleep apnea. Despite never attaining FDA approval for the treatment of depression, many anecdotal reports highlight the efficacy of Provigil as an antidepressant. The drug tends to …