diagnostic overshadowing Archives

Suspected Narcolepsy Turned Out to Be Epilepsy and Sleep Apnea

by GLOOM

MHD card showing a sleeping person lying face-up on a pillow under a crescent moon, with a breathing wave that pauses and then turns into a jagged seizure-like burst, illustrating a case of suspected narcolepsy that turned out to be epilepsy and sleep apnea.

In a 2026 case report from China, a 34-year-old woman with mild intellectual disability was sent for evaluation of possible narcolepsy. Sleep testing and EEG instead showed epilepsy and moderate obstructive sleep apnea.1 Research Highlights Narcolepsy was ruled unlikely: she took 9.3 minutes on average to fall asleep during daytime nap tests, with no early …

Intellectual Disability in Korean Children and Psychiatric Disorders (ADHD 42%, Depression 19%)

by GLOOM

Photoreal illustration of a child interacting with cognitive and developmental motifs, representing intellectual disability and psychiatric comorbidity.

Children with intellectual disability are 3–4x more likely to have a comorbid psychiatric disorder than peers without ID. A 2026 nationwide Korean study by Joo and colleagues tracks how those rates changed across a decade.1 Research Highlights Korean children and adolescents (ages 2–18) with intellectual disability had ADHD comorbidity rise from 30.2% in 2012 to …