neuroimaging biomarkers Archives

fMRI Low-Frequency Oscillation Tracked Nicotine Dependence and Arousal

by GLOOM

MHD featured image for systemic low-frequency oscillation fMRI and nicotine arousal.

A 2026 multi-cohort fMRI study found that a signal often treated as physiological noise tracked nicotine dependence, cue-induced craving, abstinence, and stimulant effects.1 During cigarette cue exposure, systemic low-frequency oscillation amplitude correlated with nicotine dependence at r = −0.32, p = .009. Research Highlights Dependence tracked cue-period physiology: In 64 smokers, higher average sLFO amplitude …

OCD Clinical AI Reached AUROC 0.653 but Failed Site Generalization

by GLOOM

MHD featured image for OCD clinical AI and ENIGMA fMRI generalization.

A 2026 ENIGMA-OCD preprint tested a transformer model on resting-state fMRI from 1,706 participants and reached AUROC = 0.653 ± 0.039 for OCD classification.1 The more important result was the failure mode: held-out-site performance ranged from AUROC 0.427 to 0.819, which is exactly the gap clinical AI has to close before brain-scan diagnosis is credible. …

SloCAD Sleep EEG-fMRI Maps Brain Network Deviations Before Diagnosis

by GLOOM

MHD featured image for SloCAD sleep EEG-fMRI network deviation mapping.

A 2026 iScience paper used simultaneous sleep EEG-fMRI from 2 healthy cohorts totaling 24 people to build slow-wave-related BOLD reference maps and propose SloCAD, a framework for measuring how an individual’s slow-wave brain activity deviates from a healthy reference pattern.1 Research Highlights The proof of concept used 24 healthy participants: 2 independent cohorts (N1 = …

Multiple Sclerosis Iron MRI Linked to Cognitive Impairment in 12 Studies

by GLOOM

MHD featured image for multiple sclerosis, iron-sensitive MRI, and cognitive impairment.

A 2026 systematic review of advanced neuroimaging in multiple sclerosis narrowed 600 database records to 12 studies and found the clearest cognition signal in basal ganglia iron-sensitive MRI measures, while thalamic susceptibility was more variable and often tangled with atrophy. Research Highlights Basal ganglia signal was strongest: across 12 studies, elevated susceptibility or iron-related metrics …