Caffeine, a natural stimulant found in various plants, is renowned for its pervasive presence in coffee, tea, and numerous other beverages. Its role in human health extends far beyond just keeping us awake. Extensive research has evaluated its multifarious impacts on diseases, athletic performance, and even its future in nanotechnology-based delivery systems. Highlights: Caffeine and …
Caffeine, a ubiquitous stimulant, is known for its ability to enhance alertness and cognitive function. But beyond these surface-level effects lies a complex interaction with the body’s cardiovascular and neurological systems, particularly influencing cerebral blood flow. Highlights: Global Ubiquity: Caffeine is the most widely consumed pharmacologically active substance worldwide. Dose-Dependent Effects: Caffeine’s influence on cerebral …
In the pursuit of peak mental performance, scientific studies have explored the effects of stimulants like methylphenidate, modafinil, and caffeine on cognitive functions such as memory and attention. Recent research utilizing advanced neuroimaging techniques has begun to unravel the intricate ways these substances modulate brain activity and connectivity, offering insights into their potential as cognitive …
Vyvanse (Lisdexamfetamine) is a prodrug comprised of the amino acid L-lysine coupled with dextroamphetamine, hence its chemical name “lis-dexamfetamine.” As a prodrug, Vyvanse is inactive until ingested and enzymatically metabolized into l-lysine (an amino acid) and dextroamphetamine (a psychostimulant), the latter of which has been deemed effective for the treatment of ADHD and binge eating …
Coffee is a brewed drink prepared from the roasting of coffee beans, which technically, are seeds of berries produced by the Coffea plant. Specifically, when Coffea plant berries ripen, they are picked, processed, dried, roasted, ground, brewed with boiling water, and served as the beverage we’ve come to know as coffee. Although the Coffea plant …
Adderall is a prescription medication manufactured by Shire Pharmaceuticals containing a mixture of amphetamine salts (75% dextroamphetamine and 25% levoamphetamine). It was first approved by the FDA in 1996 for the management of ADHD (attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder) and was later approved for the treatment of narcolepsy. The medication is manufactured in multiple formats including: an immediate …
Phentermine is a sympathomimetic amine [derived from amphetamine] initially approved by the FDA in 1959 for the treatment of obesity. Its usage in the treatment of obesity was considered ideal due to the fact that phentermine suppressed appetite through central modulation of norepinephrine, and peripherally mobilized fat stores through catecholaminergic upregulation. That said, in the …